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John Foxe
John Foxe (1516/17〔"The patent of arms granted in 1590 to the family of John Foxe, and first printed by Maitland from a copy of 1692 in the college of arms, gives his birth year as 1516, and the date may have been supplied by (own son ) Samuel. But Samuel is very inaccurate in such matters; his diary misdates important happenings in his own life; and (other son ) Simeon's statement is too precise to be disregarded." Mozley, 12.〕 – 18 April 1587) was an English historian and martyrologist, the author of ''Actes and Monuments'' (popularly known as ''Foxe's Book of Martyrs''), an account of Christian martyrs throughout Western history but emphasizing the sufferings of English Protestants and proto-Protestants from the fourteenth century through the reign of Mary I. Widely owned and read by English Puritans, the book helped mould British popular opinion about the Catholic Church for several centuries.〔William Haller, ''Foxe's First Book of Martyrs and the Elect Nation'' (London: Jonathan Cape, 1963) argues that the ''Acts and Monuments'' is a complex book, both a reconceptualization of the history of England and a portrait of the English church as an elect people whose history of suffering and dedication to the pure faith echo the history of Israel in the Old Testament.〕
==Education==
Foxe was born in Boston, in Lincolnshire, England, of a middlingly prominent family〔In 1551, one Henry Foxe, a merchant and possible relative, became mayor of that town.〕 and seems to have been an unusually studious and devout child.〔J. F. Mozley, ''John Foxe and His Book'' (New York: Macmillan Company, 1940), 13. After work when boys went out to play, "John would stay behind; and when search was made, he was found in church (sacro) as his prayers or deep in a book."〕 In about 1534, when he was about sixteen, he entered Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was the pupil of John Hawarden (or Harding), a fellow of the college.〔Hawarden was perhaps a family friend; he had become rector of Coningsby in 1533, and Foxe's mother, her husband having died when Foxe was young, had married Richard Melton, a yeoman of Coningsby. Three decades later Foxe made a dedication to Hawarden in one of his books, thanking Hawarden for enabling his education. At Brasenose College, Foxe shared rooms with Alexander Nowell, afterwards dean of St Paul's Cathedral.〕 In 1535 Foxe was admitted to Magdalen College School, where he may either have been improving his Latin or acting as a junior instructor. He became a probationer fellow in July 1538 and a full fellow the following July.
Foxe took his bachelor's degree on 17 July 1537, his master's degree in July 1543, and was lecturer of logic, 1539–40.〔Foxe wrote several Latin plays on biblical subjects, of which the best, ''De Christo triumphante'' or ''Christus triumphans'', an allegorical verse drama on the history of the church, was printed in London in 1551 and by Oporinus in Basel in March 1556. It was performed at Cambridge and probably Oxford in the 1560s. The play was translated into French in 1562 and English in 1579. The latter translation was produced by Richard Day, son of the printer, John Day or Daye, who published Foxe's ''Actes and Monuments''. Foxe's earliest extant literary creation is ''Titus et Gesippus'' (w. 1544), a Latin comedy based on Boccaccio.〕 A series of letters in Foxe's handwriting dated to 1544–45, shows Foxe to be "a man of friendly disposition and warm sympathies, deeply religious, an ardent student, zealous in making acquaintance with scholars."〔Mozley, 18.〕 By the time he was twenty-five, he had read the Latin and Greek fathers, the schoolmen, the canon law, and had "acquired no mean skill in the Hebrew language."〔Mozley, 20.〕
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